Effect of inclined pile on seismic response of bridge abutments undergoing liquefaction—Induced lateral displacement: Case study of Nishikawa bridge in the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake

It is reported that the inclined pile could be either beneficial or detrimental for abutment they support in condition of liquefaction—induced lateral displacement. To clarify effect on seismic response bridge abutments undergoing displacement, numerical analyses were carried out damaged was supported by piles and displaced riverwards 100 mm–150 mm due to soil liquefaction during 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. Accordingly, a fully coupled dynamic effective stress finite element model developed soil—pile—superstructure system. found shear failure initialized from then followed middle vertical pile. Moreover, earthquake—induced caused substantial displacement soils around thus dominated backward rotation piles. Additionally, exclusion deck pinning may lead marked increase abutments. If piles, much larger expected promotion earth pressure behind main cause forward piled abutment.